Used in biomedical and immunology research. Studied in diseases like autoimmune disorders (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis). Used in drug development and testing especially for anti-inflammatory or anti-TNF therapies. Applied in cell culture experiments to study immune responses.

Helps researchers understand inflammatory pathways and immune signaling. Serves as a target or tool in developing treatments for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Used to induce controlled inflammation in experimental models.

Human TNF- (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha) is an important signaling protein (cytokine) involved in the immune system. It is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by immune cells like macrophages. Plays a key role in inflammation and immune regulation. Exists as a protein molecule that binds to specific receptors on cells.